Some strains of staphylococcal bacteria produce toxins that can cause gastroenteritis. Chemicals — lead poisoning , for example, can trigger gastroenteritis. Medication — certain medication such as antibiotics , can cause gastroenteritis in susceptible people. Infectious gastroenteritis Infectious gastroenteritis is caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites. Some of the common types of infectious gastroenteritis include: Escherichia coli infection — this is a common problem for travellers to countries with poor sanitation.
Infection is caused by drinking contaminated water or eating contaminated raw fruits and vegetables Campylobacter infection — the bacteria are found in animal faeces poo and uncooked meat, particularly poultry. Infection is caused by, for example, consuming contaminated food or water, eating undercooked meat especially chicken , and not washing your hands after handling infected animals Cryptosporidium infection — parasites are found in the bowels of humans and animals.
Infection is caused by, for example, swimming in a contaminated pool and accidentally swallowing water, or through contact with infected animals.
Infection is caused by, for example, drinking contaminated water, handling infected animals or changing the nappy of an infected baby and not washing your hands afterwards.
Salmonellosis — bacteria are found in animal faeces. Infection is caused by eating contaminated food or handling infected animals. An infected person may also spread the bacteria to other people or surfaces by not washing their hands properly Shigellosis — bacteria are found in human faeces.
Diagnosis of gastroenteritis It is important to establish the cause, as different types of gastroenteritis respond to different treatments. Diagnostic methods may include: medical history physical examination blood tests stool tests. Treatment for gastroenteritis Treatment depends on the cause, but may include: Plenty of fluids. Oral rehydration drinks, available from your pharmacist.
Admission to hospital and intravenous fluid replacement, in severe cases. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Viral gastroenteritis is an intestinal infection marked by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever. Viral gastroenteritis Open pop-up dialog box Close. Viral gastroenteritis The stomach, small intestine and large intestine colon are part of your digestive tract, which processes the foods you eat.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. More Information Flu shot: Will it prevent the stomach flu? Stomach flu: How long am I contagious? Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Alexandraki, I. Acute viral gastroenteritis in adults. Accessed Aug. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Try to avoid going to your GP, as gastroenteritis can spread to others very easily. Phone the service or your GP if you're concerned or need any advice. What to do if you have gastroenteritis. Looking after a child with gastroenteritis.
Getting medical advice for your child. Some people also have other symptoms, such as a loss of appetite, an upset stomach , aching limbs and headaches. The symptoms usually appear up to a day after becoming infected. They typically last less than a week, but can sometimes last longer. If you experience sudden diarrhoea and vomiting, the best thing to do is stay at home until you're feeling better.
There's not always a specific treatment, so you have to let the illness run its course. You don't usually need to get medical advice, unless your symptoms don't improve or there's a risk of a more serious problem. Gastroenteritis can spread very easily, so you should wash your hands regularly while you're ill and stay off work or school until at least 48 hours after your symptoms have cleared, to reduce the risk of passing it on see Preventing gastroenteritis.
You don't normally need to see your GP if you think you have gastroenteritis, as it should get better on its own. Visiting your GP surgery can put others at risk, so it's best to phone or your GP if you're concerned or feel you need advice.
Your GP may suggest sending off a sample of your poo to a laboratory to check what's causing your symptoms. Antibiotics may be prescribed if this shows you have a bacterial infection. You can look after your child at home if they have diarrhoea and vomiting. There's not usually any specific treatment and your child should start feeling better in a few days. You don't normally need to get medical advice unless their symptoms don't improve or there's a risk of a more serious problem.
Make sure you and your child wash your hands regularly while your child is ill and keep them away from school or nursery until at least 48 hours after their symptoms have cleared see Preventing gastroenteritis. You don't usually need to see your GP if you think your child has gastroenteritis, as it should get better on its own, and taking them to a GP surgery can put others at risk.
Your GP may suggest sending off a sample of your child's poo to a laboratory to confirm what's causing their symptoms. This treatment should begin at home. Your physician may give you specific instructions about what kinds of fluids to give. Medications, including antibiotics which have no effect on viruses and other treatments, should be avoided unless specifically recommended by a physician.
What is viral gastroenteritis? What is Norovirus? How do people get viral gastroenteritis?
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