At present, numerous experimental data are available on the ordered and disordered Fe 3 Si and Fe 3 Al alloy systems, because of their high temperature strength, excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance. Substitution of Fe by a transition metal element affects the magnetic properties, the lattice parameter, and the structural ordering of these alloys []. Waliszewski et al.
The structural and magnetic properties of the intermetallic Fe-Si alloys depend on the Si concentration. Fe 3 Si is a well ordered ferromagnetic alloy with four sites: 2-equivanlt sites A, C occupied by Fe and the other two sites are occupied by Fe B site and Si D site [13].
These studies showed that the hyperfine field and the magnetic moment at the Fe sites strongly depend on the Si occupancy and the number of Fe nearest neighbors and they decrease with increasing the Si concentration.
A recent study by Mantovan et al. Furthermore, the use of Fe 3 Si has been proposed for spin injection in semiconductors [17]. Antimony is widely used in alloying to increase hardness and mechanical strength. Many of Antimony compounds are also used in superconductors, Hall-effect devices, diodes, batteries cable sheathing, tartar emetic which has been used in medicine.
Prakash et al. Antimony is the most effective additive to inhibit diffusional growth of particles. Dixon et al. The effect of antimony doping on magnetic properties of Ni-Zn ferrites was studied by Purnanandam et al. This study confirmed that the magnetic quality factor increases with increasing Sb percentage while the saturation magnetization and the Curie temperature decrease with increasing antimony doping in Ni-Zn ferrites.
In this paper we focused our attention on the synthesizes of the Fe 0. The ball to powder mass ratio was , and the milling was carried out under argon atmosphere. The ampoules were then rapidly quenched into cold water. Subsequent the samples were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction on a Philips diffractometer by using Cu-K a radiation.
Figure 1 shows the powder x-ray diffraction patterns for two representative samples of the alloy system Fe 0. All the observed reflection lines obtained at room temperature for all investigated samples exhibit lines characteristic for the DO 3 -type structure. The indices for the various peaks are shown in the diffraction patterns of Figure 1.
The patterns for each of the samples with x between 0. The composition dependence of the lattice constant a on the Sb concentration are listed in Table 1. The lattice parameter is found to decrease linearly with increasing the Sb concentration from 5. The decrease in the lattice parameter and hence the unit cell volume with increasing the Sb concentration is due to the volume contraction because of the smaller atomic radius of Sb 1. This behavior is in good agreement with previous reported observations for similar alloys by Shobaki et al.
The linear decrease in the lattice parameter for these alloys as we increase the Sb concentration suggests a simple dilution process. It is clear from these figures that all the samples exhibit ferromagnetic behavior with soft magnetic properties, as no hysteresis observed in any of the samples.
The saturation magnetization M s for Fe 0. Figure 1. Typical x-ray diffraction pattern for two representative samples of the alloy system Fe 0. Table 1. Figure 2. Magnetization curves for Fe 0. Figure 3. As shown in this figure, M s decreases with increasing the Sb concentration x.
This decrease is due to the replacement of ferromagnetic Fe by diamagnetic Sb in these alloys. The temperature dependence of the magnetization for the different samples of the alloy system Fe 0. It can be seen from this figure that all the samples studied have ferromagnetic ordering below Curie temperature T c while the spontaneous magnetization decreases with increasing the Sb concentration x.
It is clear from Figure 5 that the magnetization increases with decreasing the temperature, as would be expected from a system with ferromagnetic coupling below T c.
This figure. Figure 4. Figure 5. Temperature dependence of the magnetization for the different samples of the alloy system Fe 0. Using the method of intersecting tangents for M versus T curves in Figure 5 , we found that the Curie temperature T c decreases linearly with increasing the antimony concentration and the results are shown in Figure 6.
The decrease in T c with increasing x can be attributed to the reduction of the exchange field interaction between the spins of the magnetic Fe atoms, which can be a result of the decrease of the number of magnetic atoms surrounding each iron atom upon increasing the Sb concentration. Figure 6. The Currie temperature T c as a function of on the antimony concentration x , for Fe 0.
The solid line represents a guide to the eye. Figure 7. The decrease in M s with increasing the antimony concentration, x, is due to the decrease in the iron magnetic moment due to replacing magnetic Fe by diamagnetic Sb.
We have investigated the magnetic and structural properties of the alloy system Fe 0. Structural studies revealed the formation of the DO 3 -type cubic phase structure, with a decrease in the lattice constant and the unit cell volume upon substituting Fe by Sb.
Magnetic measurements showed that all the samples have ferromagnetic behavior up to the Curie temperature, T c. The obtained linear dependence of the lattice constant, Curie temperature, and the saturation magnetization at low temperatures on the antimony concentration indicate a simple dilute solution when Fe is substituted by Sb. All the results of the present work strongly suggest the reduction of the saturation magnetization with increasing x, which is due to the replacement of ferromagnetic Fe by diamagnetic Sb.
Anantharaman 2. Sarkar, C. Bansal and A. Gao and B. Sarkar and C. Mantovan, M. Georgieva, M. Fanciulli, A. Goikhman, N. Barantcev, Yu. Lebedinskil and A.
Ishikawa, R. Kainuma, I. Ohnuma, K. Aoki and K. Suga, S. Imada, A. Yamasaki, S. First of all, to answer your question: Yes, Copper , usually in the form of a copper mesh, will shield against most wavelength radio frequency radiation and other EMF radiation. Copper is highly effective at blocking, or shielding, radio frequency radiation because it absorbs radio and magnetic waves.
Relative permeability refers to a material's ability to attract and conduct magnetic lines of flux. The more conductive a material is to magnetic fields, the higher its permeability. The exceptions are nickel, iron , etc. A magnetic field will produce eddy currents in a conductive metal projectile. It may not be a practical defense, but shooting a projectile through a 20 Tesla magnetic field will stop or melt or both a lead bullet a lot faster than people think.
Most conductive materials such as aluminum , copper and mild steel provide substantial electric shielding. Unfortunately, aluminum foil is extremely inadequate against low frequency magnetic fields , where thick steel or highly permeable ferrite material provides more adequate shielding. Since it is made from metal, aluminum foil has the power to block radio waves.
So to limit your EMF exposure from these sources, you can: Use a corded mouse and keyboard. Use a wired Internet connection instead of WiFi. If you must have WiFi, turn it off at night and when you aren't using it. Keep the computer a couple feet away from you. Use a corded landline phone instead of a wireless one. As you can see from the video, Aluminum foil , or in this case aluminum mesh with holes small enough to block the wavelength, is highly effective at shielding, or blocking, EMF radiation.
If you're looking for even better products to block or protect against EMF radiation, check out my recommended products page. How to reduce exposure to cell phone radiation Use hands-free and text messages wherever possible.
Carry and keep your smartphone away from your body. Avoid using your phone when it has a low signal. Don't sleep with your phone. Be careful when streaming. This soothes different areas in the body and helps alleviate pain and speed up healing times. Main page Questions categories Philosophy and history Common philosophy Philosophy in education Philosophy and sociology Philosophy edu Students info Common articles Best philosophy topics.
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