Regarding the clinical variables, both groups were also homogeneous at the beginning of the study Table 1. Mean values of the evaluated variables before intervention, according to groups. Seven days from the end of the research, one CG patient asked for more salt. Mean values of the evaluated variables after intervention, according to groups.
The intragroup analysis demonstrated that the mean BP measurements of IG patients were significantly reduced after using light salt. Likewise, sodium excretion was significantly decreased in that group. No change was observed in hour urine potassium excretion Table 3. This clinical trial detected an adverse effect among IG patients. Due to its peculiar taste, light salt had low acceptance by Nevertheless, patients agreed to use that salt throughout the study period.
The above mentioned adverse effect was considered mild and study interruption was not necessary. This study sought to reduce the dietary sodium intake of CG patients to less than the 5 g of salt per day 2 g of sodium proposed by the World Health Organization 14 , considering that the 3 g provided corresponded to the consumption of 1. This sodium restriction was capable of promoting the BP and sodium excretion control observed in the IG, suggesting that, at least in the short-term, the use of light salt has proven to be an efficient strategy for SAH treatment.
Despite demonstrating a significant BP reduction after decreasing salt intake, the mean sodium excretion values in the present study were higher than mEq IG and mEq CG , indicating that the provided sodium amount 1. This shows the difficulty of changing a lifestyle, because salt consumption is a strong habit around the world. It reflects ingestion above the recommended 5 g per day, just as in the present study.
Unfortunately, the design of this study could not follow patients on their routine to check if there was a complete adhesion regarding their sodium intake, although they had been strongly instructed about how to use the given salt and how to avoid all sodium-rich food. It seems they may have eaten less sodium than usual, but not exactly as recommended, justifying sodium excretion above expected. Besides, hour excretion values showed only the previous-day sodium and potassium intake, which could have been atypical as compared to that of other days, even with all the recommendations.
The same argument may apply to the unchanged potassium excretion of IG, in addition to the fact that the light salt potassium content is low to cause a significant difference in urine excretion, which could vary more with a higher than usual potassium-rich food ingestion.
Resistance to lifestyle changes to control SAH is common among hypertensive patients In addition, another limiting aspect that impairs adhesion to SAH control was detected among IG patients, because Although the same patients reported that the day period of diet was acceptable, they were reluctant to comply with the suggestion of maintaining light salt after the conclusion of the study, even after acknowledging the better control of their BP.
The possible explanation for the taste change of light salt is the potassium added to its composition. In spite of this negative effect, the scientific community often discusses not only the beneficial effect on BP of reducing sodium intake, but also the positive impact that potassium intake may have on SAH control 17 , Similarly to the present study, Lotaif et al 17 used a salt with lower sodium content and added potassium in order to verify its effect on BP.
Patients were separated into a control group regular salt and an intervention group light salt , and had their BP assessed by using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring ABPM , as well as their blood and urine sodium and potassium levels assessed. The intervention group showed BP reduction.
On the other hand, sodium levels showed no change in any of the groups, whereas the intervention group showed a significant increase only in plasma potassium levels. The authors attributed BP control to potassium supplementation and not to the reduction in sodium intake. The literature, however, still lacks conclusive studies on the need for medical supplementation of potassium to control BP, being a balanced diet, rich in fruits and vegetables, the best way to obtain that mineral In accordance with the results of the study by Lotaif et al 17 , the potassium excretion values obtained at the beginning and end of this study were similar.
It indicates that, in the present study, salt intake from light salt may not have influenced the total balance ingested by patients, since the daily potassium need for adult individuals, which contributes to BP control, is 4. Therefore, the potassium content consumed by the IG may not have accounted for the BP reduction of those patients, because the additional amount ingested from light salt was only mg. This fact reinforces the hypothesis that the BP control of this study was due to sodium reduction, much more effective with the use of light salt and, additionally, confirmed with the significant reduction in sodium excretion of IG patients.
Such reduction in sodium intake is an important factor considering the reduction in CVD mortality, as shown in the study with individuals from five kitchens of a retirement home in northern Taiwan, who were separated into two groups.
The first group was given a potassium-enriched lower sodium salt, and the other group, only regular salt. A significant reduction in CVD mortality was observed in the experimental group 7. A systematic review has shown randomized trials of dietary counseling methods on sodium intake reduction to treat hypertension and identified a significant reduction in BP and sodium excretion when sodium intake was restricted Sodium intake reduction has also been proven to be efficient in the SAH control of individuals, separated into two groups, one with low sodium intake and the other with placebo, submitted to a double-blind crossover study In the present study, the decrease in BP reached Another meta-analysis allowed the conclusion that, when compared to the current recommendations, a reduction in salt consumption to 3 g per day may have much better results and, thus, that should be used as the daily intake goal around the world 4.
Such conclusion reinforces this study's findings to obtain more favorable results on BP control. The sodium excretion values found in the present study suggest that the patients may have consumed amounts higher than 3 g of the provided salt, as already mentioned. Nevertheless, BP control at the end of the intervention demonstrated that the intake prior to the study was probably excessive as compared to that during the study.
Our Housecall e-newsletter will keep you up-to-date on the latest health information. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.
Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. This content does not have an English version.
This content does not have an Arabic version. See more conditions. Request Appointment. Healthy Lifestyle Nutrition and healthy eating. Products and services. What's the difference between sea salt and table salt? Answer From Katherine Zeratsky, R. With Katherine Zeratsky, R. Tata Salt Plus is not a replacement for iron pills prescribed by doctors. However, with continued usage, it provides iron to the body on a consistent basis.
This world Hypertension day, Adopt a healthy lifestyle and a low sodium salt to manage your BP. Buy now. Those on a potassium restricted diet, please consult your doctor before use.
What is Hypertension? Does it affect food taste? Research shows that people with hypertension who follow the DASH diet can see their blood pressure numbers begin to fall after just two weeks.
Sodium chloride, aka table salt, can be a roadblock to lowering your blood pressure. Too much salt in your diet causes you to retain fluid, making it harder for your heart to pump blood through your body, leading to high blood pressure.
Reducing your intake of sodium chloride to 1, milligrams a day may help bring down your blood pressure. Fortunately there are salt substitutes that can help. These salt substitutes have a more salty taste, yet have less sodium chloride than traditional table salt. Bear in mind, however, that these lite salt replacements do contain a degree of sodium chloride and you need to go easy. As noted, salt substitutes contain potassium, which, for most people will help further to lower blood pressure.
0コメント